Ambrosio Martinez, a worker at El Modeno Gardens, waters a row of potted plants Wednesday morning. San Benito and Santa Clara counties are coping with the water shortage in different ways.
Just 15 miles separate Hollister and Gilroy, but farmers in the adjacent towns have been affected by the state's current drought in entirely different ways.
California is struggling with a complex situation that includes protection of the threatened Delta smelt species, water rationing, proposed bond measures, the lowest level of spring rainfall on record, fields left fallow by local farmers - while proposed state legislation would bring a bond before voters to generate almost $10 billion toward fixing the problems.
In San Benito County, sharp reductions in "blue valve" water due to the 2-inch-long Delta smelt's problematic habitat have caused significant impacts. Water district representatives say the system provides water to about 400 farms here of 10 acres or more.
"I've used up my allotment on the blue valves," said Al Bonturi, a local walnut grower. He was referring to heavily used, state-provided, supplemental water that arrives in pipes with cobalt blue valves.
"They put a chain and a lock on the valves and that was that," Bonturi added.
Bonturi said he now relies on his own pump and well, which he has kept in good condition despite not using it for years.
But many Hollister farmers have had their wells collapse or otherwise become inoperable since the state began allocating blue valve water. Those growers now must get on lengthy waiting lists to have expensive repairs done or new wells drilled.
"When blue valve water came in," continued Bonturi, "it was a Godsend because some people had no water at all. Before cutbacks, they gave you between 1.5 and two acre-feet of water per acre. They cut that back 45 percent for everyone."
Richard Bianchi, also a Hollister farmer and a director of the San Benito County Farm Bureau, knows this problem intimately.
"I have one well that cost $170,000 to bring back on," said Bianchi. "The water quality from blue valve was so much better that a lot of people let the wells go."
Gilroy stands in stark contrast to the Hollister crises due to the fact that most farmers have never used blue valve water because it has not been necessary.
Nearby farmers are miles apart with water
"We have good wells in Gilroy, and water is available from the San Luis Dam from the canal that was built into this area," said Chuck Buckley of Buckley u-Pick Cherry Farms, "It would take several years of drought to affect the wells on my property."
He also pointed out how he hadn't talked with any Gilroy farmer who expressed great concern about water.
Greg Van Wassenhove, agricultural commissioner for Santa Clara County, echoed that sentiment.
"I don't think we are at the point of a crisis," Van Wassenhove said.
"There is concern up in the rangelands due to the lack of rain, but I am not aware of any farmers that are feeling like they are in trouble."
Van Wassenhove noted that both San Benito and Santa Clara counties have just had their request for disaster status due to the drought approved in Sacramento, clearing the way for farmers to receive low interest loans, but he again underscored that the drought has not yet translated into a crisis for Gilroy farmers.
Another reason growers in Gilroy have been less affected by the drought is that there are 10 reservoirs in Santa Clara County, said Susan Siravo, spokeswoman for the Santa Clara County Water District.
"Our situation is better because of our 10 reservoirs," Siravo said. "Our ag people are just not as reliant on outside water as farmers in other counties."
The agricultural commissioner in San Benito County, meanwhile, tells a much different story.
"I see many fallow fields due to the water situation," said Paul Matulich, the farming official in Hollister. "I see farmers having to pick and choose what they grow, I see the ones that used to put in three crops a year on a given field just putting in two.
"If we have another dry year everyone, cattlemen, row-croppers, orchards, it will be disastrous for everyone."
State leaders stepping in
In the midst of California's drought, Assemblywoman Anna Caballero, (D-Salinas), has co-sponsored a $9.8 billion bond measure designed to "repair and sustain the complex ecosystem of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, and provide early relief to communities around the state affected by drought, contaminated drinking water, and the need for secure water supplies."
Caballero this week noted how the San Luis Reservoir, which supplies water to both neighboring counties, now holds just 13 percent of its full capacity.
"Crops are dying in the fields, and farm workers are out of work, unemployed," said Caballero.
Caballero is involved with the bill that was designed to reflect a proposal introduced by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger and U.S. Sen. Diane Feinstein three weeks ago. That proposal urged state lawmakers to come up with a feasible bond for November's ballot and provided a framework of suggestions for the state Assembly.
Although the bond does not specify funds for new dams - which local farmers and both agricultural commissioners insist is necessary in California - it would set aside $3 billion for "public benefit" projects to enhance the sustainability and provide improvements to the Delta. So leaders contend it is likely that new dams would be built.
"That bill would be $10 billion well spent," said Matulich in San Benito County. "The population of California has shot up, but we haven't been building more dams to keep up."
A species' broad effect
Thrown into the mix of complex factors of San Benito and Santa Clara counties, water issues is the protected Delta smelt fish.
The preservation of the fish is a major factor in the reduction of blue valve water in the area. At one time, they were common in the Sacramento-San Joaquin rivers estuary, but they were listed as an endangered species in 1993, and in 2007 California Federal Judge Oliver Wanger imposed limits on water that can be drawn through certain pumps to protect the declining numbers of the fish.
"Judge Wanger ruled that the smelt was not being adequately protected," said Al Donner, spokesman for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Office in Monterey. "The judge directed us to issue a new biological opinion on how Delta smelt are doing and he imposed the restrictions on pumping."
That report, Donner said, is likely to show that the number of fish allowed to be killed when sucked into the pumps is too high. Donner would not say whether the opinion would result in a definite continuation of the limits on pumping, but he noted that the population of the endangered fish is "way, way down."
Not everyone, however, is as concerned with the fish's fate. "They released 212 billion gallons of water into the ocean to protect a little fish," said an exasperated Matulich. "I am for preserving wildlife, but I am also for common sense."
Bonturi, the local walnut grower, agreed.
"The thing that sticks in my craw is that one judge has the power to cut 1.2 million acre-feet of water and just run it out of the Delta," he said. "We have a thousand water agencies in the state to decide what is best, and he comes along and just changes everything."
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Office disagrees with that assessment.
"The smelt is a native Californian species that is entirely dependent on the delta," Donner said.
To avoid a continuous series of crises caused by drought and government regulation in California, action must bet taken, said Danny Merkley, director of water resources for the California Farm Bureau.
"Without reliable and affordable sources of water, farm production starts to shrivel," he said. "That leads to lost markets, and lost markets lead to lost jobs. It's a terrible cycle that we must break by fixing California's water system and assuring reliable supplies for everyone."
Included in the state proposal:
-$500 million for drought relief.
-$1.5 billion for water supply and reliability projects.
-$1.9 billion for projects to revitalize the Delta ecosystem, and provide environmentally sustainable water supply.
-$1 billion for enhanced management and protection of watersheds in regions throughout the state.
-$360 million for groundwater protection and cleanup.
-$500 million for water recycling and reuse, and for desalination projects
-More than $300 million specifically for projects to aid economically disadvantaged communities.
Source: Assemblywoman Anna Caballero's office
Jeff Gatlin Jeff Gatlin is a staff writer at The Hollister Free Lance. You can call him at (831) 637-5566 or send him an email.
Although the Hollister Free Lance does not have any obligation to monitor this board, the Hollister Free Lance reserves the right at all times to check this board and to remove any information or materials that are unlawful, threatening, abusive, libelous, defamatory, obscene, vulgar, pornographic, profane, indecent or otherwise objectionable to the Hollister Free Lance in our sole discretion and to disclose any information necessary to satisfy the law, regulation, or government request. The Hollister Free Lance also reserves the right to permanently block any user who violates these terms and conditions. All threats to systems or site infrastructure shall be assumed genuine in nature and will be reported to the appropriate law enforcement authorities. Submission of any comments will be considered permission to use online or in print.
